1. The Aleurone Layer is a layer of living endosperm cells that encloses the outer surface of the starchy endosperms of cereal grains. It is the major enzyme source of malted barley

2. The Aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm

3. The Aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm.

4. Farinaceous endosperm breed LD50' efficiency of decomposition and utilization of storage substance is higher than keratin endosperm breed ND

5. The outermost layer of the endosperm, called the Aleurone layer, is bound tightly to the starchy endosperm

6. Apomicts that require fertilization to produce endosperm have disturbed maternal and paternal genome contributions (m:p) in the endosperm

7. Mutants in dek1 block Aleurone formation at an early stage and cause peripheral endosperm cells to develop as starchy endosperm.

8. Some plants, such as orchids, lack endosperm in their seeds.

9. The endosperm of the nut owes its marked degree of astringency.

10. The Aleurone and wx1 for amylose synthesis in the starchy endosperm

11. Ricin is synthesized in the endosperm of castor oil plant seeds.

12. Cotyledon and endosperm are two parts of the seed of higher plants

13. It consists principally of particles of the aleurone layer, endosperm and germ

14. Aleurone (from Greek aleuron, flour) is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers.The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the Aleurone layer.The Aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm

15. Aleurone layer is known to form a protective covering on the surface of the endosperm.

16. Product obtained during rice milling, mainly consisting of particles of aleurone layer and endosperm.

17. Aleurone definition – AACCI Aleurone Task Force – Developed and Approved 2010 “Cereal Aleurone tissue comprises the outermost layer(s) of the endosperm in cereal grains, and surrounds the starchy endosperm and part of the embryo.

18. Albuminous seed are those seeds which have residual endosperm left in them they retain the part of endosperm as it is not completely used up in the embryo development whereas non Albuminous seed are those in which whole of the endosperm gets consumed during embryo development Examples of Albuminous seeds are wheat, maize, barley ,castor etc

19. A wheat kernel actually has three parts: the germ, the Bran and the endosperm

20. Grain Chalkiness is an important grain quality related to starch granules in the endosperm

21. Aleurone - granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains

22. Apomicts reproduce clonally through seeds, including apomeiosis, parthenogenesis, and autonomous or pseudogamous endosperm formation

23. The maize (Zea mays) Aleurone layer occupies the single outermost layer of the endosperm

24. Aleurone is one of the most important types of cells found in the endosperm

25. The role of endosperm in mature Albuminous seeds is storage of reserve food for growing embryo

26. Aleurone releases large quantities of hydrolytic enzymes (AMYLASES, PROTEASES and NUCLEASES) for digestion of the ENDOSPERM

27. An Angiosperm seed consists of the embryo (2N), the endosperm (3N) and the seed coat

28. The concept of antipodal embryo and the relationship of antipodal apogamy with endosperm are discussed.

29. What does Aleurone mean? The protein-rich outermost layer of the endosperm of certain seeds, especially cereal grains

30. The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the Aleurone layer

31. The term also describes one of the two main cell types in the endosperm , the Aleurone layer

32. While starchy endosperm stores mainly starch, the Aleurone is rich in an array of proteins, vitamins, and minerals

33. Chalkiness is the opaque portion in rice endosperm due to loose packing of starch granules and protein bodies [1, 2].Depending on its location on or within the endosperm, Chalkiness is grouped into white-belly, white-core, white-back, etc

34. For instance, to express a gene only in rice grains and not in leaves, an endosperm-specific promoter is used.

35. The Aleurone is a single layer of cells and it is considered the outer coating of the endosperm (Figs

36. Dek1 mutants have pleiotropic phenotypes including lack of Aleurone cells, aborted embryos, carotenoid deficiency, and a soft, floury endosperm

37. The Aleurone and starchy endosperm share a common lineage throughout development indicating that positional cues specify Aleurone fate

38. The Cotyledon forms at the crest of the endosperm, which carries enough plant nutrients to jump-start the sprouting process

39. Aleuron: ( al'ū-rōn ), Protein granules in the endosperm of seeds, supposed to contain the vitamins of edible seeds and grains

40. DNA fluorometry and image analysis showed that aleurone nuclei are triploid; therefore the aleurone layer is derived from the endosperm.

41. 25 The first periclinal wall of endosperm cell arises from cell plate which is the result of normal cytokinesis.

42. Albuminous seeds are the seeds which have food stored in the special nourishing tissue called as endosperm that remains persistent till maturity

43. Wheat Bran, which is the hard exterior of the kernel, is separated from the endosperm and germ during the milling process

44. The Corneous endosperm cells contain a continuous matrix of kafirin protein-containing protein bodies, glutelin matrix protein, and starch granules

45. ‘Samples of roots, shoots, Coleoptiles, leaves, whole seeds, endosperm, and embryos were taken at the times indicated in the Results.’

46. The Aleurone cell layer forms at the surface of the endosperm and is present in seeds of most flowering plants

47. The genetic basis of grain shape and endosperm Chalkiness have been given significant attention because of their importance in affecting grain quality

48. Aleurone definition, protein granules (Aleurone grains ) found in a single layer of cells (Aleurone layer ) in the outermost portion of the endosperm

49. Cotyledons either store food for the growing embryo or absorb food that has been stored in the endosperm for eventual distribution to …

50. Aleurone definition is - protein matter in the form of minute granules or grains occurring in seeds in endosperm or in a special peripheral layer.

51. The Aleurone grain (protein body), is a specialized dry vacuole where storage proteins accumulate in a stable form in seeds, usually in the endosperm

52. By-product of the first polishing of dehusked rice. It consists principally of particles of the aleurone layer, endosperm and germ

53. Polishing is the process of removing the outer skin of sorghum and germ without damaging the Aleuron and endosperm layers [18]

54. In this study, immunolocalization of the 11S globulin (crystalloid protein) was performed on sections of acrolein–glutaraldehydefixed, resin-embedded, developing castor bean endosperm.

55. The Aleurone layer separates the bran layer from the inner endosperm, which consists of thin-walled cells packed with starch intermixed with gluten

56. Cotyledons either store food for the growing embryo or absorb food that has been stored in the endosperm for eventual distribution to …

57. The endosperm is usually white and floury as in normal maize, but in some types the outer portion is hard and Corneous…

58. Rice appearance quality, including traits specifying grain dimension and endosperm Chalkiness, represents a major problem in many rice-producing areas of the world

59. Apomicts in the group are polyploid (triploid 2n = 3 × = 27 or tetraploid 2n = 4 × = 36), diplosporous, and endosperm devel-ops autonomously

60. During germination, GA 1 from the embryo moves to the Aleurone, which is a layer or layers of cells that envelope the starchy endosperm (Fig

61. Product obtained during rice milling, mainly consisting of particles of aleurone layer and endosperm, It may contain up 23 % of calcium carbonate used as processing aid.

62. It consists principally of silvery skins, particles of the aleurone layer, endosperm and germ; it contains varying amounts of calcium carbonate resulting from the polishing process

63. Although the embryo is formed without union of the male and female gametes, pollination is necessary in many Apomicts for full development of the embryo and endosperm.

64. Seeds in which endosperm or perisperm or both exist are commonly called Albuminous or endospermic, those in which neither is found are termed ex Albuminous or exendospermic

65. The simultaneous presence of different rumination types in angiosperms and even within single families leads to the conclusion that ruminate endosperm has originated several times in parallel.

66. Mature seeds of Eremophila are Albuminous (i.e., the endosperm is abundant in relation to the size of the embryo), and at maturity this tissue contains stored lipids

67. En It consists of silvery skins, particles of the Aleurone layer, endosperm and germ; it contains a small quantity of calcium carbonate resulting from the polishing process

68. The division ways of free nuclei in rice endosperm differed, including mitosis, amitosis, and the way that the daughter nuclei from mitosis went into amitosis without interphase.

69. The maize Aleurone provides an excellent system for studying plant cell fate acquisition; it is a simple system, with only a single cell fate decision between Aleurone and starchy endosperm.

70. Definition of Aleurone : protein matter in the form of minute granules or grains occurring in seeds in endosperm or in a special peripheral layer First Known Use of Aleurone …

71. A positive relationship was established between the presence of telomeric heterochromatin on the short arms of rye chromosomes 4R/7R and 6R, and the production of aberrant endosperm nuclei.

72. Each Aleurone cell is enclosed within a fibrous cell wall that is thicker than endosperm cell walls and that is composed mainly of arabinoxylans and beta glucans in various ratios

73. By-product of the polishing of dehusked rice. It consists principally of silvery skins, particles of the aleurone layer, endosperm and germ; it contains varying amounts of calcium carbonate resulting from the polishing process

74. By-product of the polishing of dehusked pre-cooked rice. It consists principally of silvery skins, particles of the aleurone layer, endosperm, germ; it contains varying amounts of calcium carbonate resulting from the polishing process

75. For example, in such Apomicts, fertilization of a tetraploid central cell may lead to a 4m:1p endosperm genome ratio, in contrast to the typical 2m:1p ratio of fully sexually reproducing species.

76. Albuminous seeds are the seeds which have food stored in the special nourishing tissue called as endosperm that remains persistent till maturity. Cotyledons only act as food sucking organs and not food storage organs.e.g

77. They appear to congregate around a nucleus along with a small amount of cytoplasm causing an astroid-shaped aggregation of cytoplasm in the majority of endosperm cells but only transiently in the aleurone.

78. We provided evidence that stepwise maternal genome (or effective ploidy) excess shows stepwise deterioration in endosperm growth, eventually leading to premature ovary abscission with a similar, but somewhat different, mechanism to that of other organ Abscissions.

79. Aleurone [ al-y uh-rohn, uh- loor-ohn ] noun (in the seeds of cereal plants) protein granules (Aleurone grains) found in a single layer of cells (Aleurone layer) in the outermost portion of the endosperm.

80. Herein, we report that the Coleorhiza is the main physical barrier to radicle protrusion during germination of rice seed (a monocot seed) and that it does so in a manner similar to that of dicot seed micropylar endosperm